The working principle of photovoltaic modules is the photovoltaic effect, the full name of "photovoltaic effect" is "photovoltaic effect", which refers to the phenomenon that the light causes uneven semiconductors or different parts of the semiconductor to be combined with the whole metal to generate a potential difference. It is firstly the process of converting photons (light waves) into electrons and light energy into electrical energy, followed by the formation of voltage. With voltage, it is like building a dam. If the two are connected, a current loop will be formed. The basic principle of solar power generation is the "photovoltaic effect". The task of solar experts is to complete the work of making voltage, because to make voltage, solar cells that complete photoelectric conversion are the key to sunlight power generation.

Converting solar radiation energy into thermal energy through conversion devices belongs to solar thermal utilization technology, and reusing thermal energy to generate electricity is called solar thermal power generation, which also belongs to this technical field. Converting solar radiation energy into electrical energy through conversion devices belongs to Solar photovoltaic power generation technology, photoelectric conversion devices usually use the photovoltaic effect principle of semiconductor devices for photoelectric conversion, so it is also called solar photovoltaic technology.