The solar cell module is an important part of the solar cell (group) and the most valuable part of the solar power generation system. Its function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy, or send it to the battery for storage, or drive the load to work. It is the smallest indivisible solar cell combination device with encapsulation and internal connection that can provide DC output alone.

Because the power of each individual solar cell is very small, the modules are connected together in strings of cells inside. The top (negative pole) of each cell is welded to the back (positive pole) of the next cell. Although it can be done manually, it is usually processed by an automated process of thin sheet strings.
The end of each string protrudes beyond the edge of the last cell for electrical connection. Once connected, the fragile solar cells need to be properly protected to withstand external mechanical stress, changes in climatic conditions and humidity. Therefore, people first embed a transparent adhesive material at the connection end and paste it, and at the same time, it is also insulated. The battery strings are then sandwiched between the front and back sheets. The front is the light-sensitive surface, and the material must be transparent, generally using ultra-white suede glass, such as solar glass with high light transmittance.