Some modern solar panel designs have a concentrator that uses lenses or mirrors to collect sunlight into smaller solar cells. The price per unit area is higher for solar cells (gallium arsenide can be used such as using relatively cheap solar panels).

Depending on the configuration of the solar panel, it can generate electricity with various wavelengths of light, but usually cannot cover all wavelengths of sunlight (especially ultraviolet, infrared, indirect light, etc.). In other words, most of the solar energy is thrown away. Solar panels are most efficient when illuminated with proper monochromatic light. Therefore, solar panel mechanisms that convert the sunlight into multiple wavelengths, the wavelength of each beam of light for a good solar cell, have been proposed. In addition, TPV (Thermal Electromotive Force) power generation technology using solar cells that can generate power mainly in infrared rays has been proposed.
Solar conversion efficiency, which represents the efficiency of a solar panel, ranges from 5% to 18% in the market, and is usually lower than the efficiency of the individual solar cells that make up the panel.