A solar cell is a device that responds to light and converts light energy into electricity. There are many kinds of materials that can produce photovoltaic effect, such as: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, indium copper selenide and so on. Their power generation principles are basically the same, and the photovoltaic power generation process is described by taking crystalline silicon as an example. P-type crystalline silicon can be doped with phosphorus to obtain N-type silicon to form a P-N junction.

When the light hits the surface of the solar cell, a part of the photons is absorbed by the silicon material; the energy of the photons is transferred to the silicon atoms, causing the electrons to transition and become free electrons to accumulate on both sides of the P-N junction to form a potential difference, when the external circuit is turned on , Under the action of this voltage, a current will flow through the external circuit to generate a certain output power. The essence of this process is: the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.
Solar power generation There are two ways of solar power generation, one is the light-heat-electric conversion method, and the other is the light-electric direct conversion method.