Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses the photovoltaic effect of the semiconductor interface to directly convert light energy into electrical energy. The key element of this technology is the solar cell. After the solar cells are connected in series, they can be packaged and protected to form a large-area solar cell module, and then combined with power controllers and other components to form a photovoltaic power generation device.

 

The main specific principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When a photon shines on a metal, its energy can be absorbed by an electron in the metal. The energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the internal gravity of the metal to do work, escape from the metal surface and become a photoelectron. Silicon atoms have 4 outer electrons. If pure silicon is doped with 5 outer electrons such as phosphorus atoms, it becomes an N-type semiconductor; if pure silicon is doped with 3 outer electrons, such as Boron atoms form a P-type semiconductor. When the P-type and N-type are combined together, the contact surface will form a potential difference and become a solar cell. When sunlight hits the P-N junction, holes move from the P pole area to the N pole area, and electrons move from the N pole area to the P pole area to form a current.